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Abstract

The current research addressed an important concept, which is the feeling of psychological loneliness among widows. The aim of the research was to measure psychological loneliness among widows in Baghdad Governorate, as well as to identify the significance of differences among widows according to the variable (I work - I do not work) and to measure the significance of differences in the feeling of psychological loneliness among widows according to the variable of the number of children. To achieve the objectives, the researcher adopted the psychological loneliness scale of the researcher Wafaa Hussein Khuwaiter from Palestine. The researcher built this scale after redownloading a scale prepared by Russell and standardized and Arabized by Majdi Al-Dasouqi and a scale prepared by Ibrahim Qashqoush. The scale consisted of (46) paragraphs distributed over four dimensions, which are the isolation and withdrawal dimension, the lack of friends dimension, the loss of contact dimension, and the social ostracism dimension. The answer alternatives were three alternatives, which are (always apply - somewhat apply - does not apply at all). The scale was applied to a sample of widows, numbering (100) from the Karkh side in the capital, Baghdad, who are registered in the care program of the Ministry of Labor and Social Affairs using the random stratified method. After using statistical methods on the above data, it showed: The results showed that the arithmetic mean of the scale was (104.02) degrees with a standard deviation of (13.14) degrees. Balancing this mean with the hypothetical mean of the scale, which was (86) degrees, and using the t-test for one sample, it was found that the difference was statistically significant and in favor of the arithmetic mean, as the calculated t-value was higher than the tabular t-value, which was (1.96) with a degree of freedom (99) and a significance level of (0.05). This means that widows have a high level of psychological loneliness. As for the work variable, it was found that there was a difference in the variable, as non-working widows have a greater sense of loneliness. As for the children variable, there were no statistically significant differences. The results were interpreted according to theories and studies. The research concluded with a set of recommendations, including paying attention to the widow segment in society psychologically, economically and socially, and providing guidance centers that guide and advise widows. Among the research proposals is to conduct the same study, but on the category of divorcees. This study should be conducted on the category of uneducated women.

Keywords

Widows - Feeling satisfied - Lack of interest - Life satisfaction_Feeling psychologically lonely

Article Type

Article

First Page

87

Last Page

104

Publication Date

6-15-2025

Creative Commons License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

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